Plaza de Armas of Cusco: Complete Visitor’s Guide
Plaza de Armas of Cusco
The Plaza de Armas of Cusco, also known as the Main Square Cusco, is more than just a central hub in this beautiful Andean city. It is a living monument to the city’s rich history, from Inca times to the colonial period, and remains the heart of Cusco today. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore everything you need to know about the Plaza de Armas of Cusco—from its fascinating historical background to the must-see attractions that surround it. If you are looking for a deeper experience, consider booking a City Tour in Cusco to explore the city’s history more thoroughly.
What Makes the Plaza de Armas of Cusco So Special?
The Plaza de Armas is not just a place for tourists to gather; it’s where centuries of history collide. It’s where the ancient Inca Empire once thrived and where modern-day Cusco continues to shine. Whether you’re here for the breathtaking architecture, the historical significance, or the vibrant atmosphere, the Plaza de Armas is an unmissable destination during your visit to Cusco.
History of the Plaza de Armas of Cusco
Before the Spanish Conquest: The Inca Era
The history of the Plaza de Armas of Cusco dates back long before the arrival of the Spanish. The site was originally a swamp, and its significance is rooted in Inca legend. According to local mythology, Manco Capac, the first leader of the Inca people, was instructed by his father, the Sun God Inti, to create a city. After traveling through the Andes, the golden bar Manco Capac carried sank into the earth at the site of the Plaza de Armas, marking the spot where the Inca capital would rise.
Under Manco Capac’s leadership, the plaza became the ceremonial center of the Inca Empire, where Inca rulers would perform rituals and celebrate the Sun God. The Plaza de Armas was truly the heart of the empire, surrounded by important government buildings and temples.
The Plaza During the Spanish Conquest
In the 16th century, when Spanish conquerors led by Francisco Pizarro arrived in Cusco, the plaza was radically transformed. After defeating the Incas, the Spanish destroyed much of the original Inca structures and built new colonial buildings over the ruins. The Plaza de Armas became the focal point of Spanish power in the region, where they erected the imposing Cusco Cathedral and other colonial structures.
The Execution of Tupac Amaru II
One of the darkest chapters in the Plaza de Armas of Cusco’s history is the execution of Tupac Amaru II. In 1781, Tupac Amaru II, a leader of indigenous Peruvians who fought for independence from Spanish rule, was publicly executed here. His death marked a turning point in the struggle for independence in Peru, and today a statue commemorates his sacrifice and legacy.
What to See and Do in the Plaza de Armas of Cusco
Cusco Cathedral
Explore the Colonial Architecture
One of the main draws of the Plaza de Armas of Cusco is its stunning colonial architecture. The square is surrounded by historic buildings, many of which are built upon Inca foundations. Notable structures include:
- Cusco Cathedral: A magnificent example of colonial architecture, the Cusco Cathedral stands at the north side of the Plaza de Armas. Built over the ruins of an Inca palace, it is a must-see for anyone interested in Cusco’s history and religious art.
- Church of the Society of Jesus: Another important religious structure in the square, this baroque church was built by the Jesuit order in the 17th century. Its ornate façade and intricate interior are a testament to the colonial influence on Cusco’s architecture.
- Chapel of Triumph: The first Christian church built in Cusco after the Spanish conquest, the Chapel of Triumph marks a key moment in the city’s history.
Learn About the Plaza’s Rich History
For history buffs, there’s no better place to immerse yourself in the past of Cusco than the Plaza de Armas. In addition to the magnificent churches, you can visit the Inka Museum and the Museum of Religious Art nearby. These museums offer a deep dive into the city’s Inca and colonial heritage, showcasing artifacts like textiles, pottery, and mummies from the ancient Inca Empire.
Enjoy the Local Atmosphere
The Plaza de Armas of Cusco is always bustling with life. It’s the perfect place to relax and people-watch while sipping a cup of Peruvian coffee at one of the cafés that line the square. You’ll find local musicians playing traditional Andean music, street performers showcasing their art, and a lively mix of locals and tourists soaking in the beauty of the space.
Visit the Statues and Fountains
In the center of the plaza, you’ll find the famous fountain, which has an interesting history. Initially topped with a statue of an Apache, the fountain’s sculpture was controversial and was eventually replaced with a statue of Pachacuti, the Inca emperor. This change represents the city’s reclamation of its indigenous roots. The fountain continues to be a symbol of Cusco’s complex cultural identity.
When is the Best Time to Visit the Plaza de Armas of Cusco?
Visit the Plaza de Armas of Cusco
The Dry Season (May to October)
The best time to visit Cusco is during the dry season, from May to October. During this time, the weather is sunny and clear, perfect for exploring the Plaza de Armas and the surrounding attractions. The dry season also coincides with major events like the Inti Raymi (Festival of the Sun), which takes place in June and is one of the most important cultural festivals in Cusco.
The Rainy Season (November to April)
While the rainy season brings lush landscapes and fewer tourists, it also means more frequent rainfall. If you don’t mind getting wet, this can still be a magical time to visit the plaza. Just be sure to pack waterproof clothing and appropriate footwear for walking through the cobbled streets.
Nearby Attractions to Visit
The Plaza de Armas of Cusco is surrounded by many other attractions that you shouldn’t miss during your visit:
- San Blas Neighborhood: This charming neighborhood is known for its narrow streets, artisan workshops, and panoramic views of the city.
- Qorikancha: The Temple of the Sun was the most important religious building in the Inca Empire and is now home to the Santo Domingo Church.
- Sacsayhuamán: A massive ceremonial complex located just outside of Cusco, it is famous for its impressive stone walls and breathtaking views of the city.
What to Do in the Plaza de Armas of Cusco
Plaza de Armas of Cusco
Explore the Local Cuisine
Don’t leave the Plaza de Armas without trying some of Cusco’s traditional dishes. There are plenty of restaurants and cafés around the square that serve authentic Peruvian food, such as cuy al horno (roast guinea pig) and rocoto relleno (stuffed chili). Be sure to stop by one of the many eateries for a taste of local flavors!
Shop for Souvenirs
Looking for a souvenir to take home? The Plaza de Armas is full of small craft shops and markets where you can buy traditional textiles, silver jewelry, ceramics, and more. These are perfect keepsakes to remember your time in Cusco.
Photography Tips
The Plaza de Armas is a photographer’s dream. With its stunning colonial architecture, Inca walls, and vibrant atmosphere, you’ll have plenty of opportunities to capture unforgettable moments. Consider visiting the plaza at different times of the day to see how the light changes the mood of the square.
Practical Tips for Visiting the Plaza de Armas
- Wear Comfortable Shoes: Cusco’s streets are cobblestone, so it’s important to wear comfortable footwear to explore the city.
- Bring Sunscreen: Even though Cusco is in the mountains, the sun can be intense. Make sure to protect your skin while exploring.
- Stay Hydrated: The altitude in Cusco can affect some visitors, so drink plenty of water to stay hydrated.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is there free Wi-Fi in the Plaza de Armas?
No, there is no public Wi-Fi directly in the plaza, but many nearby cafés and restaurants offer free Wi-Fi to customers.
Can I walk safely through the Plaza de Armas at night?
Yes, the Plaza de Armas is generally safe at night, as it is well-lit and patrolled by security. However, it’s always a good idea to keep an eye on your belongings.
What can I do at night in the Plaza de Armas?
At night, the plaza takes on a magical atmosphere, with illuminated buildings and a peaceful ambiance. Many restaurants and bars offer live music and delicious food, making it the perfect spot to unwind after a day of sightseeing.
Conclusion
The Plaza de Armas of Cusco is a must-visit destination for anyone coming to this historical city. With its incredible mix of Inca and colonial architecture, rich history, and vibrant atmosphere, the Plaza de Armas offers something for everyone. Whether you’re admiring the stunning buildings, soaking in the local culture, or exploring the nearby attractions, this iconic square will leave you with unforgettable memories. A City Tour in Cusco is the best way to explore the heart of this incredible city!
