Waqrapukara: The Enigmatic Inca Fortress in Cusco
Waqrapukara
If you are planning a trip to Cusco, the city known for its rich history and the famous Machu Picchu, you may want to consider exploring beyond the well-trodden paths. Nestled in the heart of the Peruvian Andes, Waqrapukara offers a unique and off-the-beaten-path experience. This guide will provide you with all the essential information you need to know about Waqrapukara in Cusco, from its history to the best ways to visit.
What is Waqrapukara?
Waqrapukara, often referred to as “The Fortress of the Horns”, is an archaeological site located in the district of Acos, in the province of Acomayo, Cusco, Peru. Situated at an altitude of 4140 meters above sea level, this impressive site is a combination of pre-Inca and Inca constructions, set against a stunning backdrop of the Apurimac Canyon.
The name Waqrapukara comes from the Quechua words “waqra” (horn) and “pukara” (fortress), a reference to the site’s horn-shaped rock formations. It is believed that the site was originally called “Llamapukara” (Fortress of the Llama), inspired by the shape of a llama’s ears, an animal that held great significance in the Andean culture.
History of Waqrapukara
Waqrapukara holds a rich and intriguing history that spans several periods of occupation. The earliest settlers of this region were the Qanchis, a pre-Inca culture, who used the site for religious and ceremonial purposes. It is believed that the Qanchis built the initial structures of Waqrapukara around 2500 BC, dedicating it to the god Teqsi Pachacamaq, the creator deity of their culture.
When the Inca Empire expanded, they conquered the Qanchis, and Waqrapukara was integrated into the Inca administrative system. Under the rule of Wayna Qhapaq, Waqrapukara was expanded and reinforced as a military and religious site. The most notable feature of Waqrapukara from this period is the construction of two watchtowers, which were used for strategic surveillance during the Inca resistance against the Qanchis’ rebellion.
The Role of Waqrapukara during the Inca Empire
During the Inca Empire, Waqrapukara evolved into an important ceremonial and religious center. It was not just a fortress but also a sanctuary dedicated to the Sun God, Inti. The strategic location and architectural features of Waqrapukara, including its double-jamb doors and ceremonial niches, reflect the advanced engineering skills of the Incas.
Visiting Waqrapukara
Waqrapukara
Waqrapukara is a must-visit destination for travelers who enjoy hiking, history, and adventure. The site is not as crowded as Machu Picchu, which makes it an ideal choice for those seeking solitude and a deeper connection with the ancient past of Peru. There are several ways to reach Waqrapukara, each offering unique experiences.
How to Get to Waqrapukara
Waqrapukara is located approximately 116 km southeast of Cusco. To reach this archaeological marvel, you can choose from several routes:
- Sangarará Route (Short Route): The shortest path to Waqrapukara is from the district of Sangarará. The trek is 8 km long and takes about 2.5 hours to reach the site. This route offers beautiful views of the Andes and wildlife, including vicuñas.
- Huayqui Community Route: Starting from Cusco, you can travel for 3 hours to the Huayqui community, where a 7.5 km bridle path leads to Waqrapukara. The hike takes about 1 hour.
- Santa Lucia Route: Another route starts from Santa Lucia, located about 1 hour from the Acomayo detour. This is a 2-hour hike to Waqrapukara.
All of these routes require a moderate to strong level of fitness due to the altitude and the challenging terrain.
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Waqrapukara is during the dry season, from April to September. The weather is sunny, and the paths are more accessible. It is not recommended to visit during the rainy season, which typically runs from November to April, as the trails can become slippery and dangerous.
What to Expect at Waqrapukara
Waqrapukara
Once you arrive at Waqrapukara, you’ll be greeted by a stunning view of the fortress perched on the edge of a cliff. The site is made up of several groups of buildings, including temples, platforms, and terraces. The upper section of the fortress is where you’ll find the largest and most elaborate structures, while the lower section is home to smaller enclosures and terraces.
One of the most unique features of Waqrapukara is its remarkable architecture, which reflects the Inca mastery of stonework. The fortress includes structures that are designed for both military and ceremonial purposes. The terraces surrounding the site were likely used for agriculture, providing the inhabitants with food to sustain their long stays.
Architectural Features
- Double and Triple Jamb Doors: These are prominent architectural features of the Inca period, seen in the entrances of the buildings.
- Watchtowers: The two towers built during the Inca period served as lookout posts, providing a strategic vantage point over the valley.
- Carved Rocks: The Incas perfected the art of rock carving, and many of the structures at Waqrapukara showcase this craftsmanship.
Additional Activities at Waqrapukara
Waqrapukara
While visiting Waqrapukara, you can enjoy other activities that complement your experience:
- Mountain Biking: Explore the rugged terrain around Waqrapukara on a mountain bike, an exhilarating way to experience the beauty of the region.
- Kayaking: Paddle through the calm lagoons surrounding the area for a peaceful and scenic adventure.
- ATVs: For those looking for an adrenaline rush, ATV tours offer a fun way to explore the area.
- Waqrapukara Festival: If you’re visiting in August, don’t miss the Waqrapukara Festival, a cultural event that celebrates the history and folklore of the region.
Can You Visit on Your Own?
Yes, you can visit Waqrapukara on your own. Public transport to the nearby town of Sangarará is available, and from there, you can start your hike to the site. However, if you’re unfamiliar with the area or prefer a more guided experience, you can opt for a tour with Peru by Locals, where you’ll be accompanied by a knowledgeable guide who will enrich your journey with historical insights and local legends.
Travel Tips for Visiting Waqrapukara
- Wear Proper Hiking Gear: Make sure to bring sturdy hiking boots and comfortable clothing.
- Acclimatize to the Altitude: Spend a few days in Cusco before heading to Waqrapukara to adjust to the high altitude.
- Bring Snacks and Water: Keep hydrated and energized with snacks like dried fruits, chocolate, or granola bars.
- Prepare for the Weather: The weather can be unpredictable, so be sure to dress in layers and bring a waterproof jacket.
- Use Sunscreen: The sun can be intense at high altitudes, so protect your skin with sunscreen.
Conclusion
Waqrapukara is a truly unique and fascinating destination that offers a different side of Peru, far from the crowds of Machu Picchu. With its impressive architecture, stunning landscapes, and rich history, it’s a must-visit for any traveler looking to experience the hidden gems of Cusco. Whether you’re an adventure seeker, history buff, or nature lover, Waqrapukara promises an unforgettable experience.
Ready to embark on your adventure? Book your trip with Peru by Locals and discover the hidden wonders of Waqrapukara today!
